PNNL Earth and Energy Systems Research Portal

Explore PNNL's cutting-edge research on the intricate interactions between Earth systems and energy infrastructure. Our work bridges fundamental scientific discoveries with practical applications, delivering impactful tools and insights for society. Access our datasets, models, and publications covering extreme weather, population dynamics, electricity demand, energy policy, land use, water resource management, and more.

Climate

Global variable-resolution mesh for the MPAS-Atmosphere model

Climate

Dataset

Global variable-resolution mesh for the MPAS atmosphere model, from convection-permitting 4km grid-spacing to 32-km grid in the coarse-resolution domain

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U.S. Balancing Authority Projections of Hourly Meteorology under Climate Change

Climate

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Dataset

Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios

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U.S. Climate Simulations - Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW)

Climate

Dataset

21st century climate scenarios for the contiguous U.S. (CONUS), where past events are replayed under four scenarios of future warming conditions (thermodynamic global warming) to show potential increases in extreme event intensity, geographic scope, and duration.

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U.S. County Projections of Hourly Meteorology under Climate Change

Climate

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Dataset

Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios

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Western U.S. Climate Simulations

Climate

Dataset

Regional climate simulations for 1980-2020 and five future projections for 2040-2070 using a thermodynamic global warming approach based on perturbations from five Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) General Circulation Models (GCMs)

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Bias Adjustment and Statistical Downscaling (BASD)

Climate

Model

An in-house ability to run the impacts community's standard bias-correction software

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CAM-MPAS

Climate

Model

A global atmosphere model based on the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) coupled with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) physics suites

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Hector

Climate

Model

An interactive and fast global climate model representing carbon-cycle processes/temperature response at the global scale that can be used to emulate the globally aggregated behavior of more complex climate models.

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STITCHES

Climate

Model

A model that emulates a specific target Earth system model (ESM) and creates new scenarios or new ensemble members of existing scenarios of climate model output by stitching together pieces of existing simulations

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Hydrology

BCQC SNOTEL

Hydrology

Dataset

Bias-corrected and quality-controlled daily snow water equivalent (SWE) and meteorological records for over 800 SNOTEL stations

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Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) Benchmark Dataset

Hydrology

Drought

Flooding

Dataset

A benchmark CLM5 dataset for evaluating uncertainty in hydrological applications over the United States

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Next-Generation Intensity-Duration-Frequency (NG-IDF) Datasets for Diverse Land Cover

Hydrology

Flooding

Dataset

Daily time series data of water available for runoff and snow for nine land cover types over the conterminous United States.

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Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM)

Hydrology

Drought

Flooding

Model

A high-resolution, physics-based, open-source community model that simulates environmental and human effects on hydrologic processes, water cycle, hydrological extremes, and river temperature across various hydrometeorological regimes

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Xanthos

Hydrology

Drought

Model

A model that simulates historical and future global water availability (e.g., runoff) on a monthly time step at a spatial resolution of 0.5 geographic degrees.

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Water Management

ISTARF

Water Management

Dataset

Inferred weekly storage targets and release functions for large reservoirs in the contiguous US (CONUS)

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ResOpsUS

Water Management

Dataset

The most comprehensive dataset of United States historical reservoir operations gathered to date

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GLORY

Water Management

Model

An open-source Python package designed to optimize water yield for a given reservoir storage capacity while estimating the economic value of reservoir water supply for global river basins.

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Mosartwmpy

Water Management

Model

A Python translation of the MOdel for Scale Adaptive River Transport and Water Management (MOSART-WM), a river routing and reservoir management model written in Fortran.

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STARFIT

Water Management

Model

Reservoir operations model with a data-driven operations scheme

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Hydropower

CMIP5 Hydropower Projections for the U.S.

Hydropower

Dataset

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5)-based hydropower projections for federal power marketing areas as part of the Secure Water Act Report section 9505

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Historical and projected power system ready hydropower data for the United States

Hydropower

Energy Planning

Dataset

This dataset contains monthly and weekly hydropower generation and generation constraints (min, max, daily range) for over 1,400 hydropower plants in the conterminous United States.

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RectifHyd

Hydropower

Dataset

Improved historical monthly energy generation estimates for 1,500 hydroelectric power plants in the U.S.

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WECC ADS 2032 Hydropower Dataset

Hydropower

Dataset

Weekly hydropower generation and operational constraints for input into a production cost model

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WMP

Hydropower

Model

A model that processes mosartwmpy output and is a hybrid process-based and statistical approach for monthly hydropower generation

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wmpy-power

Hydropower

Model

A hydropower simulation model developed to support long-term planning and climate impacts studies. It simulates hydropower production at the facility-scale using simulations of managed streamflow and reservoir storage to account for the “non-stationarity” in hydropower generation to changes in hydrology, and the non-linearity in the effect that climate change has on water management.

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Drought

Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) Benchmark Dataset

Hydrology

Drought

Flooding

Dataset

A benchmark CLM5 dataset for evaluating uncertainty in hydrological applications over the United States

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Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM)

Hydrology

Drought

Flooding

Model

A high-resolution, physics-based, open-source community model that simulates environmental and human effects on hydrologic processes, water cycle, hydrological extremes, and river temperature across various hydrometeorological regimes

Go to Model

Xanthos

Hydrology

Drought

Model

A model that simulates historical and future global water availability (e.g., runoff) on a monthly time step at a spatial resolution of 0.5 geographic degrees.

Go to Model

Flooding

Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) Benchmark Dataset

Hydrology

Drought

Flooding

Dataset

A benchmark CLM5 dataset for evaluating uncertainty in hydrological applications over the United States

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Next-Generation Intensity-Duration-Frequency (NG-IDF) Datasets for Diverse Land Cover

Hydrology

Flooding

Dataset

Daily time series data of water available for runoff and snow for nine land cover types over the conterminous United States.

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Next-Generation Intensity-Duration-Frequency (NG-IDF) Design Flood Datasets

Flooding

Dataset

Datasets for characterizing extreme events relevant to hydrologic design over the conterminous United States.

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CHANCE-C

Flooding

Model

Agent-based model of residential choice location in the context of climate (flood) hazards

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Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM)

Hydrology

Drought

Flooding

Model

A high-resolution, physics-based, open-source community model that simulates environmental and human effects on hydrologic processes, water cycle, hydrological extremes, and river temperature across various hydrometeorological regimes

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Wildfire

Characterization of Wildfire and Compound Extremes

Wildfire

Dataset

Pacific Northwest wildfire characteristics (thermal anomaly, intensity, extent, duration) and cross-dependence and cross-occurrence analyis of compound extremes

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Predictive Model of Wildfire Burned Area

Wildfire

Model

A machine learning model of wildfire burned area for the contiguous U.S. (CONUS)

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Predictive Model of Wildfire Emissions

Wildfire

Model

A machine learning model of wildfire emissions (PM2.5) for the contiguous U.S. (CONUS)

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Rapid Analytics for Disaster Response - FIRE (RADR-FIRE)

Wildfire

Model

RADR-FIRE combines multi-modal imagery, artificial intelligence (AI), and scalable cloud computing with an infrastructure damage assessment tool to understand current impact and risk to infrastructure

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Storms

Global Mesoscale Convective Systems

Storms

Dataset

A high-resolution global data product of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS)

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U.S. Warm Season Storms

Storms

Dataset

A high-resolution unified observational data product of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) and Isolated Deep Convection (IDC) in the U.S. for 2004–2017

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Convective Cloud Analysis

Storms

Model

A flexible feature tracking python software package (pyFLEXTRKR) for convective cloud analysis

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Extreme Precipitation Prediction

Storms

Model

A machine learning model for understanding and predicting extreme precipitation, including hail (ML-UPH)

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Risk Analysis Framework for Tropical Cyclones (RAFT)

Storms

Model

A unified framework to quantify the risk associated with tropical cyclones (TCs)

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Energy Demand

Total Load Profiles by Balancing Authority in the Western United States

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Dataset

Hourly time-series of total load profiles across Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the western United States (U.S.) electricity grid interconnection for two different socioeconomic pathways and one climate scenario.

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Transportation Electrification Load Profiles by Balancing Authority in the Western United States

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Dataset

Hourly time-series electric charging load profiles by transportation sector across Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the Western United States.

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U.S. Balancing Authority Projections of Hourly Meteorology under Climate Change

Climate

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Dataset

Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios

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U.S. County Projections of Hourly Meteorology under Climate Change

Climate

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Dataset

Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios

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Updated Projections of Residential Energy Consumption across Multiple Income Groups under Decarbonization Scenarios using GCAM-USA

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Socioeconomics

Dataset

This updated dataset is based on model runs where the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is implemented in the model scenarios. In addition to the queried and post-processed key output variables related to residential energy sector in .csv tables, we also upload the full model output databases in this repository, so that users can query their desired model outputs.

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Helios

Energy Demand

Model

A model that projects population-weighted heating and cooling degree days/hours globally based on a climate projection

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Total ELectricity Loads (TELL)

Energy Demand

Model

A model that projects the short- and long-term evolution of hourly electricity demand in response to future changes in weather, climate, and population.

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Solar and Wind

Historical and projected energy drought data for the Western US

Solar and Wind

Energy Planning

Dataset

This dataset has 3 components, (1) historical and future energy drought data for balancing authorities in the Western US (2) physically consistent wind, solar and load data aggregated to the balacing authority level in the Western US (3) plant level wind and solar generation data for both historical and future scenarios.

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Historical Balancing Authority-Scale Hourly Solar and Wind Generation for Lower 48 U.S. States

Solar and Wind

Dataset

Coincident historical hourly solar and wind generation for each Balancing Authority in the lower 48 U.S. states aggregated from simulated plant-level generation of plants that exist in the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database as of 2020.

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Historical Hourly to Subseasonal Solar and Wind Energy Droughts in the Lower 48 U.S. States

Solar and Wind

Dataset

Physically consistent and coincident historical wind, solar, and load data for 15 Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the lower 48 U.S. states and pre-computed BA-scale energy droughts for a variety of time scales from 1 hour to 5 days.

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Historical Plant-Scale Hourly Solar and Wind for Lower 48 U.S. States

Solar and Wind

Dataset

Simulated coincident historical hourly solar and wind generation for each plant in the lower 48 U.S. states that is part of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2020 dataset.

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Hourly Wind and Solar Generation Profiles at 1/8th Degree Resolution

Solar and Wind

Dataset

This dataset uses regional atmospheric climate model output to simulate wind and solar power generation across the entire contiguous US. The data consists of a historical period 1980-2022 and several future scenarios that extend from 2020-2099.

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Multisector Dynamics

GCAM-USA Scenarios for Decarbonization in the U.S.

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

This dataset contains a set of twelve future (2020-2050) scenarios modeled by GCAM-USA for the GODEEEP project for the purpose of studying the effects of climate, socioeconomic change, technology change, current decarbonization incentives, and longer-term decarbonization policies on the U.S. energy-economy, the electricity grid, human well-being, and the environment.

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GCAM-USA v5.3 IM3 results

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

Outputs from GCAM-USAv5.3_im3 model for 8 IM3 scenarios

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GCAM-v5.4-NDC-Ratchet-dataset

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

A dataset with Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) scenario results for post-COP26 (2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference) ratcheting of climate pledges needed to limit peak global warming

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GCAM-v5.4-NDC-Science-dataset

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

A dataset with Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) scenario results for pre-COP26 (2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference) pledges

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High-resolution analysis of projected power plant land requirements for the Western U.S.

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

Results include projected power plant site location intersections with US Disadvantaged Communities (DACs), important farmland, and natural areas

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Income Projections for Washington State

Multisectoral

Socioeconomics

Dataset

Income projections for Washington state (under census geographic boundary 2020) from 2020 to 2100 at the block group and block level, respectively, based on different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs).

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Population Projections in Washington State

Multisectoral

Socioeconomics

Dataset

Block-level population projections in Washington state under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for every decade from 2020 to 2040.

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Power plant siting projections for the Western U.S.

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

This dataset contains power plant infrastructure siting information modeled by the Capacity Expansion Regional Feasibility (CERF) model for the GODEEEP project for the purpose of studying power plant landscape evolution under alternative capacity expansion scenarios.

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Projections of income by decile for US states

Multisectoral

Socioeconomics

Dataset

Income distributions are a growing area of interest in the examination of equity impacts brought on by climate change and its responses. We project US state level income distributions using a PCA-based approach.

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U.S. Net Zero and Clean Grid Pathways

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

GCAM-USA scenarios submission to the Fifth U.S. National Climate Assessment

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U.S. State-level Population Projections

Multisectoral

Socioeconomics

Dataset

Projections of population by age and sex at the state level for SSPs 2, 3, and 5

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U.S. State-level Projections of the Spatial Distribution of Population

Multisectoral

Socioeconomics

Dataset

Gridded population projections for SSPs 2, 3, and 5 produced with the Population Gravity model.

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Capacity Expansion Regional Feasibility (CERF)

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Model

A model that simulates regional to national scale renewable and non-renewable power plant siting and interconnection decisions over time while accounting for the impacts of climate and non-climate factors on siting feasibility

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Demeter

Ag & Land Use

Energy Planning

Multisectoral

Model

A model that downscales GCAM land use and land cover projections to a user defined resolution

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Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM)

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Model

A global model that represents the behavior of, and interactions between, five systems: energy, water, agriculture and land use, the economy, and the climate

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Agriculture & Land Use

Agricultural Yield Variability

Ag & Land Use

Model

A model to estimate annual, weather-driven yield shocks using biophysical characteristics for U.S. rainfed and irrigated maize, soybeans, and winter wheat.

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Demeter

Ag & Land Use

Energy Planning

Multisectoral

Model

A model that downscales GCAM land use and land cover projections to a user defined resolution

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Moirai

Ag & Land Use

Model

A high resolution data system that compiles land data for calibrating global and regional models

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Osiris

Ag & Land Use

Model

A model that processes climate impacts on agricultural yields for the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM)

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WM-ABM

Ag & Land Use

Model

Extension of water management model that includes adaptive farmer cropping decisions

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Energy Planning

GCAM-USA Scenarios for Decarbonization in the U.S.

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

This dataset contains a set of twelve future (2020-2050) scenarios modeled by GCAM-USA for the GODEEEP project for the purpose of studying the effects of climate, socioeconomic change, technology change, current decarbonization incentives, and longer-term decarbonization policies on the U.S. energy-economy, the electricity grid, human well-being, and the environment.

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GCAM-USA v5.3 IM3 results

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

Outputs from GCAM-USAv5.3_im3 model for 8 IM3 scenarios

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GCAM-v5.4-NDC-Ratchet-dataset

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

A dataset with Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) scenario results for post-COP26 (2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference) ratcheting of climate pledges needed to limit peak global warming

Go to Dataset

GCAM-v5.4-NDC-Science-dataset

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

A dataset with Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) scenario results for pre-COP26 (2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference) pledges

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High-resolution analysis of projected power plant land requirements for the Western U.S.

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

Results include projected power plant site location intersections with US Disadvantaged Communities (DACs), important farmland, and natural areas

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Historical and projected energy drought data for the Western US

Solar and Wind

Energy Planning

Dataset

This dataset has 3 components, (1) historical and future energy drought data for balancing authorities in the Western US (2) physically consistent wind, solar and load data aggregated to the balacing authority level in the Western US (3) plant level wind and solar generation data for both historical and future scenarios.

Go to Dataset

Historical and projected power system ready hydropower data for the United States

Hydropower

Energy Planning

Dataset

This dataset contains monthly and weekly hydropower generation and generation constraints (min, max, daily range) for over 1,400 hydropower plants in the conterminous United States.

Go to Dataset

Power plant siting projections for the Western U.S.

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

This dataset contains power plant infrastructure siting information modeled by the Capacity Expansion Regional Feasibility (CERF) model for the GODEEEP project for the purpose of studying power plant landscape evolution under alternative capacity expansion scenarios.

Go to Dataset

Total Load Profiles by Balancing Authority in the Western United States

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Dataset

Hourly time-series of total load profiles across Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the western United States (U.S.) electricity grid interconnection for two different socioeconomic pathways and one climate scenario.

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Transportation Electrification Load Profiles by Balancing Authority in the Western United States

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Dataset

Hourly time-series electric charging load profiles by transportation sector across Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the Western United States.

Go to Dataset

U.S. Balancing Authority Projections of Hourly Meteorology under Climate Change

Climate

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Dataset

Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios

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U.S. County Projections of Hourly Meteorology under Climate Change

Climate

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Dataset

Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios

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U.S. Net Zero and Clean Grid Pathways

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Dataset

GCAM-USA scenarios submission to the Fifth U.S. National Climate Assessment

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Updated Projections of Residential Energy Consumption across Multiple Income Groups under Decarbonization Scenarios using GCAM-USA

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Socioeconomics

Dataset

This updated dataset is based on model runs where the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is implemented in the model scenarios. In addition to the queried and post-processed key output variables related to residential energy sector in .csv tables, we also upload the full model output databases in this repository, so that users can query their desired model outputs.

Go to Dataset

Capacity Expansion Regional Feasibility (CERF)

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Model

A model that simulates regional to national scale renewable and non-renewable power plant siting and interconnection decisions over time while accounting for the impacts of climate and non-climate factors on siting feasibility

Go to Model

Demeter

Ag & Land Use

Energy Planning

Multisectoral

Model

A model that downscales GCAM land use and land cover projections to a user defined resolution

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Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM)

Multisectoral

Energy Planning

Model

A global model that represents the behavior of, and interactions between, five systems: energy, water, agriculture and land use, the economy, and the climate

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Socioeconomics

Global Income Projections

Socioeconomics

Dataset

Projections of income distribution by decile for all countries for the five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

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Income Projections for Washington State

Multisectoral

Socioeconomics

Dataset

Income projections for Washington state (under census geographic boundary 2020) from 2020 to 2100 at the block group and block level, respectively, based on different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs).

Go to Dataset

Population Projections in Washington State

Multisectoral

Socioeconomics

Dataset

Block-level population projections in Washington state under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for every decade from 2020 to 2040.

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Projections of income by decile for US states

Multisectoral

Socioeconomics

Dataset

Income distributions are a growing area of interest in the examination of equity impacts brought on by climate change and its responses. We project US state level income distributions using a PCA-based approach.

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U.S. State-level Population Projections

Multisectoral

Socioeconomics

Dataset

Projections of population by age and sex at the state level for SSPs 2, 3, and 5

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U.S. State-level Projections of the Spatial Distribution of Population

Multisectoral

Socioeconomics

Dataset

Gridded population projections for SSPs 2, 3, and 5 produced with the Population Gravity model.

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Updated Projections of Residential Energy Consumption across Multiple Income Groups under Decarbonization Scenarios using GCAM-USA

Energy Demand

Energy Planning

Socioeconomics

Dataset

This updated dataset is based on model runs where the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is implemented in the model scenarios. In addition to the queried and post-processed key output variables related to residential energy sector in .csv tables, we also upload the full model output databases in this repository, so that users can query their desired model outputs.

Go to Dataset

pridr: A software package that can represent and project income distributions dynamically using various input data

Socioeconomics

Model

This package can flexibly generate income deciles based on multiple approaches such as a lognormal based approach or a more detail PCA driven model.

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