Explore PNNL's cutting-edge research on the intricate interactions between Earth systems and energy infrastructure. Our work bridges fundamental scientific discoveries with practical applications, delivering impactful tools and insights for society. Access our datasets, models, and publications covering extreme weather, population dynamics, electricity demand, energy policy, land use, water resource management, and more.
Climate
Dataset
Global variable-resolution mesh for the MPAS atmosphere model, from convection-permitting 4km grid-spacing to 32-km grid in the coarse-resolution domain
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Climate
Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Dataset
Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios
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Climate
Dataset
21st century climate scenarios for the contiguous U.S. (CONUS), where past events are replayed under four scenarios of future warming conditions (thermodynamic global warming) to show potential increases in extreme event intensity, geographic scope, and duration.
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Climate
Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Dataset
Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios
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Climate
Dataset
Regional climate simulations for 1980-2020 and five future projections for 2040-2070 using a thermodynamic global warming approach based on perturbations from five Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) General Circulation Models (GCMs)
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Climate
Model
An in-house ability to run the impacts community's standard bias-correction software
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Climate
Model
A global atmosphere model based on the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) coupled with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) physics suites
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Climate
Model
An interactive and fast global climate model representing carbon-cycle processes/temperature response at the global scale that can be used to emulate the globally aggregated behavior of more complex climate models.
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Climate
Model
A model that emulates a specific target Earth system model (ESM) and creates new scenarios or new ensemble members of existing scenarios of climate model output by stitching together pieces of existing simulations
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Hydrology
Dataset
Bias-corrected and quality-controlled daily snow water equivalent (SWE) and meteorological records for over 800 SNOTEL stations
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Hydrology
Drought
Flooding
Dataset
A benchmark CLM5 dataset for evaluating uncertainty in hydrological applications over the United States
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Hydrology
Flooding
Dataset
Daily time series data of water available for runoff and snow for nine land cover types over the conterminous United States.
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Hydrology
Drought
Flooding
Model
A high-resolution, physics-based, open-source community model that simulates environmental and human effects on hydrologic processes, water cycle, hydrological extremes, and river temperature across various hydrometeorological regimes
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Hydrology
Drought
Model
A model that simulates historical and future global water availability (e.g., runoff) on a monthly time step at a spatial resolution of 0.5 geographic degrees.
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Water Management
Dataset
Inferred weekly storage targets and release functions for large reservoirs in the contiguous US (CONUS)
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Water Management
Dataset
The most comprehensive dataset of United States historical reservoir operations gathered to date
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Water Management
Model
An open-source Python package designed to optimize water yield for a given reservoir storage capacity while estimating the economic value of reservoir water supply for global river basins.
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Water Management
Model
A Python translation of the MOdel for Scale Adaptive River Transport and Water Management (MOSART-WM), a river routing and reservoir management model written in Fortran.
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Water Management
Model
Reservoir operations model with a data-driven operations scheme
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Hydropower
Dataset
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5)-based hydropower projections for federal power marketing areas as part of the Secure Water Act Report section 9505
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Hydropower
Energy Planning
Dataset
This dataset contains monthly and weekly hydropower generation and generation constraints (min, max, daily range) for over 1,400 hydropower plants in the conterminous United States.
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Hydropower
Dataset
Improved historical monthly energy generation estimates for 1,500 hydroelectric power plants in the U.S.
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Hydropower
Dataset
Weekly hydropower generation and operational constraints for input into a production cost model
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Hydropower
Model
A model that processes mosartwmpy output and is a hybrid process-based and statistical approach for monthly hydropower generation
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Hydropower
Model
A hydropower simulation model developed to support long-term planning and climate impacts studies. It simulates hydropower production at the facility-scale using simulations of managed streamflow and reservoir storage to account for the “non-stationarity” in hydropower generation to changes in hydrology, and the non-linearity in the effect that climate change has on water management.
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Hydrology
Drought
Flooding
Dataset
A benchmark CLM5 dataset for evaluating uncertainty in hydrological applications over the United States
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Hydrology
Drought
Flooding
Model
A high-resolution, physics-based, open-source community model that simulates environmental and human effects on hydrologic processes, water cycle, hydrological extremes, and river temperature across various hydrometeorological regimes
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Hydrology
Drought
Model
A model that simulates historical and future global water availability (e.g., runoff) on a monthly time step at a spatial resolution of 0.5 geographic degrees.
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Hydrology
Drought
Flooding
Dataset
A benchmark CLM5 dataset for evaluating uncertainty in hydrological applications over the United States
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Hydrology
Flooding
Dataset
Daily time series data of water available for runoff and snow for nine land cover types over the conterminous United States.
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Flooding
Dataset
Datasets for characterizing extreme events relevant to hydrologic design over the conterminous United States.
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Flooding
Model
Agent-based model of residential choice location in the context of climate (flood) hazards
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Hydrology
Drought
Flooding
Model
A high-resolution, physics-based, open-source community model that simulates environmental and human effects on hydrologic processes, water cycle, hydrological extremes, and river temperature across various hydrometeorological regimes
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Wildfire
Dataset
Pacific Northwest wildfire characteristics (thermal anomaly, intensity, extent, duration) and cross-dependence and cross-occurrence analyis of compound extremes
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Wildfire
Model
A machine learning model of wildfire burned area for the contiguous U.S. (CONUS)
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Wildfire
Model
A machine learning model of wildfire emissions (PM2.5) for the contiguous U.S. (CONUS)
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Wildfire
Model
RADR-FIRE combines multi-modal imagery, artificial intelligence (AI), and scalable cloud computing with an infrastructure damage assessment tool to understand current impact and risk to infrastructure
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Storms
Dataset
A high-resolution global data product of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS)
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Storms
Dataset
A high-resolution unified observational data product of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) and Isolated Deep Convection (IDC) in the U.S. for 2004–2017
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Storms
Model
A flexible feature tracking python software package (pyFLEXTRKR) for convective cloud analysis
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Storms
Model
A machine learning model for understanding and predicting extreme precipitation, including hail (ML-UPH)
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Storms
Model
A unified framework to quantify the risk associated with tropical cyclones (TCs)
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Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Dataset
Hourly time-series of total load profiles across Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the western United States (U.S.) electricity grid interconnection for two different socioeconomic pathways and one climate scenario.
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Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Dataset
Hourly time-series electric charging load profiles by transportation sector across Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the Western United States.
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Climate
Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Dataset
Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios
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Climate
Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Dataset
Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios
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Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Socioeconomics
Dataset
This updated dataset is based on model runs where the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is implemented in the model scenarios. In addition to the queried and post-processed key output variables related to residential energy sector in .csv tables, we also upload the full model output databases in this repository, so that users can query their desired model outputs.
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Energy Demand
Model
A model that projects population-weighted heating and cooling degree days/hours globally based on a climate projection
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Energy Demand
Model
A model that projects the short- and long-term evolution of hourly electricity demand in response to future changes in weather, climate, and population.
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Solar and Wind
Energy Planning
Dataset
This dataset has 3 components, (1) historical and future energy drought data for balancing authorities in the Western US (2) physically consistent wind, solar and load data aggregated to the balacing authority level in the Western US (3) plant level wind and solar generation data for both historical and future scenarios.
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Solar and Wind
Dataset
Coincident historical hourly solar and wind generation for each Balancing Authority in the lower 48 U.S. states aggregated from simulated plant-level generation of plants that exist in the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database as of 2020.
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Solar and Wind
Dataset
Physically consistent and coincident historical wind, solar, and load data for 15 Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the lower 48 U.S. states and pre-computed BA-scale energy droughts for a variety of time scales from 1 hour to 5 days.
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Solar and Wind
Dataset
Simulated coincident historical hourly solar and wind generation for each plant in the lower 48 U.S. states that is part of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2020 dataset.
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Solar and Wind
Dataset
This dataset uses regional atmospheric climate model output to simulate wind and solar power generation across the entire contiguous US. The data consists of a historical period 1980-2022 and several future scenarios that extend from 2020-2099.
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Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
This dataset contains a set of twelve future (2020-2050) scenarios modeled by GCAM-USA for the GODEEEP project for the purpose of studying the effects of climate, socioeconomic change, technology change, current decarbonization incentives, and longer-term decarbonization policies on the U.S. energy-economy, the electricity grid, human well-being, and the environment.
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Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
Outputs from GCAM-USAv5.3_im3 model for 8 IM3 scenarios
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Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
A dataset with Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) scenario results for post-COP26 (2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference) ratcheting of climate pledges needed to limit peak global warming
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Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
A dataset with Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) scenario results for pre-COP26 (2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference) pledges
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Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
Results include projected power plant site location intersections with US Disadvantaged Communities (DACs), important farmland, and natural areas
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Multisectoral
Socioeconomics
Dataset
Income projections for Washington state (under census geographic boundary 2020) from 2020 to 2100 at the block group and block level, respectively, based on different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs).
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Multisectoral
Socioeconomics
Dataset
Block-level population projections in Washington state under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for every decade from 2020 to 2040.
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Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
This dataset contains power plant infrastructure siting information modeled by the Capacity Expansion Regional Feasibility (CERF) model for the GODEEEP project for the purpose of studying power plant landscape evolution under alternative capacity expansion scenarios.
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Multisectoral
Socioeconomics
Dataset
Income distributions are a growing area of interest in the examination of equity impacts brought on by climate change and its responses. We project US state level income distributions using a PCA-based approach.
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Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
GCAM-USA scenarios submission to the Fifth U.S. National Climate Assessment
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Multisectoral
Socioeconomics
Dataset
Projections of population by age and sex at the state level for SSPs 2, 3, and 5
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Multisectoral
Socioeconomics
Dataset
Gridded population projections for SSPs 2, 3, and 5 produced with the Population Gravity model.
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Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Model
A model that simulates regional to national scale renewable and non-renewable power plant siting and interconnection decisions over time while accounting for the impacts of climate and non-climate factors on siting feasibility
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Ag & Land Use
Energy Planning
Multisectoral
Model
A model that downscales GCAM land use and land cover projections to a user defined resolution
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Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Model
A global model that represents the behavior of, and interactions between, five systems: energy, water, agriculture and land use, the economy, and the climate
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Ag & Land Use
Model
A model to estimate annual, weather-driven yield shocks using biophysical characteristics for U.S. rainfed and irrigated maize, soybeans, and winter wheat.
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Ag & Land Use
Energy Planning
Multisectoral
Model
A model that downscales GCAM land use and land cover projections to a user defined resolution
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Ag & Land Use
Model
A high resolution data system that compiles land data for calibrating global and regional models
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Ag & Land Use
Model
A model that processes climate impacts on agricultural yields for the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM)
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Ag & Land Use
Model
Extension of water management model that includes adaptive farmer cropping decisions
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Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
This dataset contains a set of twelve future (2020-2050) scenarios modeled by GCAM-USA for the GODEEEP project for the purpose of studying the effects of climate, socioeconomic change, technology change, current decarbonization incentives, and longer-term decarbonization policies on the U.S. energy-economy, the electricity grid, human well-being, and the environment.
More Info
Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
Outputs from GCAM-USAv5.3_im3 model for 8 IM3 scenarios
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Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
A dataset with Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) scenario results for post-COP26 (2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference) ratcheting of climate pledges needed to limit peak global warming
More Info
Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
A dataset with Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) scenario results for pre-COP26 (2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference) pledges
More Info
Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
Results include projected power plant site location intersections with US Disadvantaged Communities (DACs), important farmland, and natural areas
More Info
Solar and Wind
Energy Planning
Dataset
This dataset has 3 components, (1) historical and future energy drought data for balancing authorities in the Western US (2) physically consistent wind, solar and load data aggregated to the balacing authority level in the Western US (3) plant level wind and solar generation data for both historical and future scenarios.
More Info
Hydropower
Energy Planning
Dataset
This dataset contains monthly and weekly hydropower generation and generation constraints (min, max, daily range) for over 1,400 hydropower plants in the conterminous United States.
More Info
Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
This dataset contains power plant infrastructure siting information modeled by the Capacity Expansion Regional Feasibility (CERF) model for the GODEEEP project for the purpose of studying power plant landscape evolution under alternative capacity expansion scenarios.
More Info
Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Dataset
Hourly time-series of total load profiles across Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the western United States (U.S.) electricity grid interconnection for two different socioeconomic pathways and one climate scenario.
More Info
Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Dataset
Hourly time-series electric charging load profiles by transportation sector across Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the Western United States.
More Info
Climate
Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Dataset
Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios
More Info
Climate
Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Dataset
Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios
More Info
Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Dataset
GCAM-USA scenarios submission to the Fifth U.S. National Climate Assessment
More Info
Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Socioeconomics
Dataset
This updated dataset is based on model runs where the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is implemented in the model scenarios. In addition to the queried and post-processed key output variables related to residential energy sector in .csv tables, we also upload the full model output databases in this repository, so that users can query their desired model outputs.
More Info
Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Model
A model that simulates regional to national scale renewable and non-renewable power plant siting and interconnection decisions over time while accounting for the impacts of climate and non-climate factors on siting feasibility
More Info
Ag & Land Use
Energy Planning
Multisectoral
Model
A model that downscales GCAM land use and land cover projections to a user defined resolution
More Info
Multisectoral
Energy Planning
Model
A global model that represents the behavior of, and interactions between, five systems: energy, water, agriculture and land use, the economy, and the climate
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Socioeconomics
Dataset
Projections of income distribution by decile for all countries for the five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
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Multisectoral
Socioeconomics
Dataset
Income projections for Washington state (under census geographic boundary 2020) from 2020 to 2100 at the block group and block level, respectively, based on different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs).
More Info
Multisectoral
Socioeconomics
Dataset
Block-level population projections in Washington state under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for every decade from 2020 to 2040.
More Info
Multisectoral
Socioeconomics
Dataset
Income distributions are a growing area of interest in the examination of equity impacts brought on by climate change and its responses. We project US state level income distributions using a PCA-based approach.
More Info
Multisectoral
Socioeconomics
Dataset
Projections of population by age and sex at the state level for SSPs 2, 3, and 5
More Info
Multisectoral
Socioeconomics
Dataset
Gridded population projections for SSPs 2, 3, and 5 produced with the Population Gravity model.
More Info
Energy Demand
Energy Planning
Socioeconomics
Dataset
This updated dataset is based on model runs where the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is implemented in the model scenarios. In addition to the queried and post-processed key output variables related to residential energy sector in .csv tables, we also upload the full model output databases in this repository, so that users can query their desired model outputs.
More Info
Socioeconomics
Model
This package can flexibly generate income deciles based on multiple approaches such as a lognormal based approach or a more detail PCA driven model.
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